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September 8

Page history last edited by Conor Shaw-Draves 13 years, 6 months ago

Disciplining Rhetoric

 


 

Housekeeping

Attendance

Questions?

 

Responding to your Responses

 

The Importance of Writing

  • Argue well to avoid negative debates and retain positive debates.
  • Make your point clear
  • More persuasive
  • Be inclusive to other opinions, rather than exclusive
  • Keep your audience listening
  • To get what you want

 

What do you Want?

  • Better able to express oneself
  • Better grammar skills
  • Citations/References
  • New strategies for writing
  • Improved reading skills
  • To pass
  • Confidence
  • Brainstorming strategies
  • No revisions
  • Writing long essays
  • To get an A

 

 


 

The Rhetorical Toolbox: Basic Building Blocks for Arguments

 

But first ... what the heck is rhetoric?

 

The Enthymeme

 

Components of the Enthymeme: The claim, the stated reason, the unstated assumption, and grounds

 

Famous Enthymemes

 

All humans are mortal, so Socrates is mortal.

  • Claim: Socrates is mortal
  • Stated reason: all humans are mortal
  • Unstated assumption: because Socrates is a human

 

 

The glove doesn't fit, so you must acquit

  • Claim: the defendant should be acquitted
  • Stated reason: because the glove does not fit
  • Unstated assumption: because the glove was used by the murderer and therefore must fit on the murderer's hand
  • Grounds: proof that the glove was used in the commission of the crime, proof that the glove does not fit, that the glove has not changed size and shape, that the hand of the defendant has not changed size or shape...

 

 

Enthymemes are generally used for two reasons:

  • The implied premise is obvious
  • The implied premise is dubious

Ethos, Pathos, Logos

 

 

Ethos: Character or Image

 

 

Logos: Logical Arguments

 

 

Pathos: The Emotions of the Audience

 


Breaking it Down Again: Types of Questions and Claims

 

The Stasis Procedures

 

Definitional/Categorial: Is X a Y?

Disagreement over the nature of a thing or its inclusion in a category (occurs when one disagrees over the definition of either X or Y)

  • Is Pluto a planet?
  • Is abortion murder?

 

Evaluative: Is X good or bad? Is X a good or bad Y?

Disagreement over values, importance, or worthiness

  • Is Bush's surge plan a good option?
  • Are wikis an appropriate tool for classroom use?

 

Resemblance Is X like Y?

  • Is Internet addiction like drug addiction?
  • Is the Iraq war like the Vietnam war?

 

Cause/Consequence Will X cause Y? Is X caused by Y?

  • Will decriminalizing marijuana reduce crime?
  • Will raising the minimum wage increase unemployment?

 

Proposal

  • Should gay marriage be legalized?
  • Should teenage murder defendants be tried as adults?

 


 

Triangulating: Contexts and Appeals

 

The Rhetorical Triangle (audience, author/speaker, message)

 


Assignments:

Due: Second Response 004/Second Response 011 due before 9:00 p.m., Thursday, September 9th.

Reading Assignments:

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